Windows Vista Top New Features
Aero User Experience Certain versions of Vista will feature a new user interface (GUI) named Windows Aero™, which is both efficient and beautiful. This new interface makes it easier than ever before to find your way around the operating system. It even makes it easier to accomplish multiple tasks at once by providing a three-dimensional, real-time, animated view of all of your open applications and documents. (note Aero also requires certain minimum computer hardware requirements).
Flip 3D

In addition to Windows Flip (ALT+TAB) Windows® Flip 3D utilizes the 3D capabilities in Windows Vista™ to quickly flip through, preview and select windows and apps. It is activated by Windows Key + TAB.

This is a fun and easy way to quickly preview the content in open Windows, providing much more detail than traditional TAB switching.

Windows Sidebar Widgets This features a transparent panel anchored to the side of the screen where a user can place Desktop Gadgets, which are small applets designed for a specialized purpose (such as displaying the weather, news, stock quotes, RSS feeds, clocks and calendars, application controls, mini-games and puzzles, etc). The sidebar does not waste screen real estate because you can set it to hide behind maximized Windows. Microsoft Windows Vista comes with an essential set of gadgets to get you started. You can easily download more gadgets from an online gadget gallery.
Windows SuperFetch Windows SuperFetch, a new technology in Windows Vista, allows applications and files to load much faster than on Windows XP-based computers. SuperFetch understands which applications you use most, and preloads these applications into memory, so your system is more responsive. SuperFetch uses an intelligent prioritization scheme that understands which applications you use most often, and can even differentiate which applications you are likely to use at different times, so that your computer is ready to do what you want it to do. Windows Vista can also prioritize your applications over background tasks, so that when you return to your machine after leaving it idle, it's still responsive.
ReadyBoost Windows Vista introduces a new concept in adding memory to a system. Windows ReadyBoost is a disk caching technology lets users use a removable flash memory device, such as a USB thumb drive, to improve system performance without opening the box. Windows ReadyBoost can improve system performance because it can retrieve data kept on the flash memory more quickly than it can retrieve data kept on the hard disk, decreasing the time you need to wait for your PC to respond. Combined with SuperFetch technology, this can help drive impressive improvements in system responsiveness. Requirements:
  • The capacity of the USB device must be at least 256 MB and no larger than 4 GB
  • The USB device must support USB 2.0
  • The device must be capable of 3.5 MB/s read speeds for 4 kB random reads spread uniformly across the entire device and 2.5 MB/s write speeds for 512 kB random writes spread uniformly across the device.
  • The device must have at least 64 MB of free space
Integrated Media Center Certain editions of Vista (Home Premium and Ultimate) will get a fully integrated Media Center that replaces MCE 2005 Edition. You can enjoy all your favorite digital entertainment - including live and recorded TV, movies, music, and pictures - in one place with the easy-to-use Windows Media Center menu system and remote control. Windows Media Center in Windows Vista includes enhancements for expanded support of digital and high-definition cable TV, an improved menu system, and the ability to create a consumer-electronics-quality living-room experience, as well as new options for multi-room access to your entertainment through Media Center Extenders, including Xbox 360.
Internet Explorer 7 Windows Vista enhances the Internet Explorer experience through IE7 - the first major web browser update in years. The upcoming release of Internet Explorer 7 not only adds important new security and privacy features, but makes everyday tasks easier through features such as tabbed browsing, inline search, and shrink-to-fit printing. Internet Explorer 7 also provides new tools to give you direct access to information you want, with built-in support for web feeds (RSS).
Windows Backup and Restore Center This handy section located under system maintenance covers a Backup Wizard and System Restore settings. Includes The "File and Folder Backup Wizard" which makes it easy to select specific files that you want to backup. Select your files, then your method of backup  where you want to store them, and you are done.

There is also a method called "CompletePC Backup" to make a backup image of your hard drive in case of complete hardware failure and you can restore that backup from the new Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE). To restore lost files or correct system problems you can use the File and Folder Restore Wizard or restore shadow copies of altered or accidentally deleted files to bring them back to life (shadow copies only available in Vista Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate).

Instant Desktop Search Powerful indexing and user-assignable metadata make searching for all kinds of data a lot easier - including files, e-mails, and Web content. And if you're running Vista on a Windows Longhorn (server) network, you can perform searches across the network to other PCs.
DX10 Support DirectX 10 is an entirely new version, rebuilt from the ground up, and it will be exclusive on the Vista platform (cannot run on XP). It has legacy DirectX 9 driver compatibility (and even this is supposed to run faster than on XP). DirectX 10 is a new, higher performance API design optimal for future 3D gaming systems and high level 3D realism and animation (more realistic textures, reflections, smoke, clouds, etc). The official Vista development team site has more information at: http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/articles/447226.aspx