Volume 1, Issue 4

Downloadable Version (.pdf format)

November, 2002

In this edition:

IntelŪ i845G vs. i845GE Graphics Comparison
 

On October 7th, 2002 Intel released it's new chipset, the i845GE, to the public. The key difference between its predecessor, the i845G, and itself is that IntelŪ has implemented DDR333 memory support into its chipset for the first time. By using faster memory, Intel has increased the peak bandwidth from 2.1GB/second to 2.7GB/second and the maximum memory clock speed has been increased from 266MHz. to 333MHz.To take advantage of this speed increase, IntelŪ has bumped up the speed of it's graphics core approximately 33% from 200MHz. in the i845G to 266MHz. in the i845GE. The speed increase was bench tested and found to be reflected across all benchmark applications. While the numbers put up in our benchmarking tests definitely do not show these to be gamers chipsets if you're using onboard video, they certainly do prove to be perfect for using in business or home computing needs where gaming is not involved.
 

Test Machines:

IntelŪ D845GBV
IntelŪ D845GEBV2

Intel ŪP4 2.0GHz (400MHz. FSB)

256MB PC2700 DDR

Benchmarking Software

3DMark 2001 SE

SiSoft Sandra Standard 2002

Cachemem 2.6


New Motherboard Chipsets
 
The Fourth Quarter of 2002 will see the release of a number of powerful new chipsets, adding new performance and options for next generation systems.  Leading the pack is the next generation of Intel 845 series chipsets for Pentium 4 systems.  VIA, SIS, and Nvidia are also offering high-performance chipsets all with 8X AGP capabilities and some with Dual-Channel DDR support as well.  Motherboards with these chipsets should appear very soon.

Chipsets Comparison Chart - Part 1

 

Intel 845PE Intel 845GE Intel 845GV VIA P4X400 VIA P4X600

North Bridge

82845PE 82845GE 82845GV VT8754 NA

Processor bus

400/533Mhz (data) 400/533Mhz (data) 400/533Mhz (data) 400/533Mhz (data) 400/533Mhz (data)

Processor interface

Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478

Memory type

DDR266/ DDR333 DDR266/ DDR333 PC133 / DDR200/266 DDR266/ DDR333 / DDR400 Dual-Channel DDR 266/333

Max. memory size

2 GB / 2 DIMMS 2 GB / 2 DIMMS 2 GB / 2 DIMMS 32 GB NA

AGP Speed

4x (1.5v)  4x (1.5v) No AGP slot AGP 8x AGP 8x

Inter-Bridge bus

Hub Link 1.5
(266MB/sec)
Hub Link 1.5
(266MB/sec)
Hub Link 1.5
(266MB/sec)
VIA V-Link @ 533 MB/s VIA V-Link @ 533 MB/s

South Bridge

ICH4 ICH4 ICH4 VT8235 VT8235

Support PCI Slot

6 6 6 5 5

IDE Speed

ATA 66/100 ATA 66/100 ATA 66/100 ATA 100/133 ATA 100/133
Integrated Graphics No Yes Yes No No

AC'97

Yes Yes Yes AC'97 6 Channel AC' 97 6 Channel

CNR/ACR/AMR support

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10/100Mbit LAN

LAN Connect Interface  LAN Connect Interface LAN Connect Interface VIA 10/100 Ethernet MAC Controller VIA 10/100 Ethernet MAC Controller
USB ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports

Other Features

- 200 Mhz 32bpp integrated graphics 266 Mhz 32bpp integrated graphics 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports

Chipsets Comparison Chart - Part 2

 

SiS 648 SiS 655 SiS 746 NVIDIA NFORCE 2

North Bridge

SiS648 HMAC SiS655 HMAC SiS746 HMAC nForce IGP2 nForce2 SPP

Processor bus

400/533Mhz (data) 400/533Mhz (data) 266Mhz (data) 266Mhz (data) 266Mhz (data)

Processor interface

Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 Socket 478 AMD Socket A (XP/Athlon) AMD Socket A (XP/Athlon) AMD Socket A (XP/Athlon)

Memory type

Up to 2 unbuffered DIMM DDR333 or up to 3 unbuffered double-sided DIMM DDR266/200 / Unofficial DDR400 Support Dual-Channel DDR266 Up to 2 unbuffered DIMM DDR333 or up to 3 unbuffered double-sided DIMM DDR266/200 / Unofficial DDR400 Support Dual-Channel DDR400/ DDR333/ DDR266 Dual-Channel DDR400/ DDR333/ DDR266

Max. memory size

3 GB / 3 DIMM 3 GB / 3 DIMM 3 GB / 3 DIMM 3 GB RAM 3 GB RAM

AGP Speed

AGP 8X AGP 8X AGP 8X AGP 8X AGP 8X

Inter-Bridge bus

MuTIOL = 1 GB/s bandwidth in 133MHz x 4 mode MuTIOL = 1 GB/s bandwidth in 133MHz x 4 mode MuTIOL = 1 GB/s bandwidth in 133MHz x 4 mode 800Mhz Hyper Transport link 800Mhz Hyper Transport link

South Bridge

Sis 963 Sis 963 SiS 963 nForce2 MCP or MCP-T nForce2 MCP or MCP-T

Support PCI Slot

6 6 6 5 5

IDE Speed

ATA 100/133 ATA 100/133 ATA 100/133 ATA 100/133 ATA 100/133
Integrated Graphics No No No GeForce4 MX Integrated No

AC'97

AC' 97 6 Channel AC' 97 6 Channel AC' 97 6 Channel AC97 2.1
2, 4 or 6-channel
AC97 2.1
2, 4 or 6-channel

CNR/ACR/AMR support

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

10/100Mbit LAN

Integrated Communication Controller for LAN or HPNA use Integrated Communication Controller for LAN or HPNA use Integrated Communication Controller for LAN or HPNA use NVIDIA Media Access Controller (MAC) NVIDIA Media Access Controller (MAC)
USB ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 Ports 6 x USB 2.0 6 x USB 2.0

Other Features

3 x IEE1394 3 x IEE1394 3 x IEE1394 MCP-T (Turbo) Southbridge also features FireWire Controller + NVIDIA APU
(Audio Processing Unit) +
NVIDIA DualNet (NVIDIA & 3COM Media Access Controller)

NOTES:

1) Dual Channel DDR offers twice the bandwidth of standard DDR by using two independent memory controllers. 

2) DDR400 Not Officially Certified yet by JEDEC.

3) All information is tentative and subject to change without notice.  Not all features will be supported by all motherboards.



Alternative Graphics Cards
 
Since the majority of the high end gamers these days are leaning towards the Nvidia based GeForce4 Ti4600 or the ATI based Radeon 9700, the hardware sites and magazines have been all over them to the exclusion of alternative cards. We've decided to bring you a look at two other very high quality cards that are currently in the marketplace. We are not matching these cards against each other, we are more interested in bringing you up to date on what other offerings are available to you and your customers.
 

Matrox Parhelia
The Parhelia is the first 512-bit GPU to hit the market, and also the first to utilize a 256-bit DDR memory bus for the graphics processor. The Layout of the Parhelia’s PCB is completely different from other graphics cards in it's class. Visually, the size of the PCB is very similar to the Ti 4200 and the GeForce3 but there are key differences. The first difference that you will notice is the layout of the memory chips on the PCB. There are two sets of memory chips that are set at an angle in addition to the others which are placed horizontally. The reason for the unusual layout is that Matrox wanted the exact same trace length between all of the memory chips and the memory GPU. On the flip side of the card, you can easily see where the remainder of the memory will go for the planned 256MB version of the card. Matrox is also planning a 64MB version of the card for the budget minded. 
 

GeForce4 Ti 4200
The price conscious consumer is bound to be attracted to the GeForce4 Ti4200 card. With quality, features and performance similar to the Ti4600, the Ti4200 is a bargain at about half the price.
The GeForce4 Ti4200 is powered by the "NV25" GPU that is built on a .15 micron process. The Ti 4200 has a Core clock of 250MHz. This card is the Entry level of the Ti cards, but don't let that fool you, this card means business. The Ti4200 comes in two versions, one with 64MB of DDR SDRAM running at 500MHz. memory and the other with 128MB of DDR SDRAM running at 444MHz., either one of which is very much capable of handling anything from serious gaming, desktop publishing, and watching DVDs down to checking e-mail and making spreadsheets.
 

Matrox Parhelia 512 Nvidia GeForce4 Ti4200

Specs

We've compiled some of the more notable specifications for you on the charts below. These can be compared against all of the other web sites which are only interested in presenting the top shelf cards which are on the market today. We prefer to give you all of the details on the alternatives which you may find to be a better fit for your needs and your budget.
 
  Core Clock Pixel Pipelines Peak Fill Rate (Mpixels/s) Texture units per pixel pipeline Peak fill rate (Mtexels/s) Memory clock (MHz) Memory bus width (bits) Peak memory bandwidth (GB/s)
Parhelia 512 (Retail) 220 4 880 4 3520 550 256 17.6
Parhelia 512 (OEM) 200 4 800 4 3200 500 256 16.0
GeForce4 Ti4200 128MB 250 4 1000 2 2000 444 128 7.1
GeForce4 Ti4200 64MB 250 4 1000 2 2000 500 128 8.0


  Chip Technology Manufacture Process Transistors AGP Bus Vertex Shaders Texture Shader Stages Z-Data Compression Bits Per Color Channel
Parhelia 512 512-bit .15 Micron 80 Million 2x/4x/8x 4 36 No 10
GeForce4 Ti4200 256-bit .15 Micron 64 Million 2x/4x/8x 2 16 Yes 8

Calculating Memory Bandwidth
 
In almost every technical article you read today, you see a comparison of bandwidth of one sort or another. The most quoted type of bandwidth seems to be memory bandwidth. Aside from CPU speed, memory bandwidth may be the key factor in determining how well your computer performs. There are several memory types available for you to choose from, the price of the memory is usually the determining factor in what people decide to use.
 

Bandwidth is equal to bus frequency times data bus width. In order to calculate the bandwidth in Megabytes per seconds, the bus speed must me divided by 8 to change bits to bytes.

DDR333's bandwidth is 64 bits x 333MHz / 8, which equals about 2664MB/s or 2700MB/s, hence the reason that it is called PC2700.
 

In the case of RDRAM the formula is almost the same with the exception that RAMBUS is only 16 bits. PC800's Bandwidth therefore would be calculated as 16 bits x 800MHz / 8, which equals 1600MB/s,  taking into consideration that RDRAM supports dual channel functions, this doubles the bandwidth to 3200MB/s.

Flash Memory Media

Flash memory cards are solid state nonvolatile storage disk that doesn't require a battery to retain it's data life.  It consumes as little as 5% of power from the host.  It's ten times more rugged and reliable that disk drive.  The most popular flash memory card in the market are CompactFlash, SmartMedia, Security Digital, MuliMediaCard, and Memory Stick. 
 

CompactFlash Type I (CF)

A nonvolatile storage median with built in a controller and memory for compatibility purposes.  CF type I works with any digicam and is PCMCIA compatible.  With it's 50pin ATA specs, this little card can be slipped into a passive 68-pin PCMCIA Type II to CF Type I adapter that fully meets PCMCIA specifications.
CompactFlash Type II (CF)

CompactFlash Type II features and specification are identical to Type I.  The only difference is thickness and Type II card slots are backward compatible with Type I card.
SmartMedia (SM)

SmartMedia is the only flash memory card that doesn't posses a controller.  SM are simply just memory packed together and laminated on a plastic card.  Without a controller, SM are not as compatible as CompactFlash card.  Older SM card which operates at 5V cannot be used with today's devices which operates at 3.3V.
MultiMediaCard (MMC)

The smallest flash memory card which weight less than a gram and about the size of a postage stamp.  With it's small size and performance, this allow digital device manufacturers to continuously design ultra-small portable devices.  MMC is forward compatible with SD card slots.  

Security Digital (SD)

Another flash memory card derive from the MulitMediaCard standard.  SD and MMC are identical and some host can use both card interchangeable.  SD advantage over MMC are the cryptographic security protection for copyrighted data and a 4x increase in data transfer rates.
Memory Stick (MS)

Smaller than CompactFlash and SmartMedia card, MS is equip with high storage capacity and data transfer rate.  One unique feature about this flash card is the Erasure Prevention Switch.  This switch prevent accidentally erasing or overwrite existing data.  Also, with it's Original Serial Protocol, MS could be modify for higher capacity.

General Flash Memory Chart

Features: Compact Flash Type I Compact Flash Type II SmartMedia  Security Digital  Multi- MediaCard  Memory Stick 
Storage Capacity 8MB - 1GB 8MB - 1GB 16MB - 128MB 4MB - 512MB 4MB - 512MB 4MB - 128MB
Physical Dimension (WxDxH) 36.4 x 42.80 x 3.30mm 36.4 x 42.80 x 5.0mm 45 x 37 x .76mm 24 x 32 x 2.1mm 32 x 24 x 1.4mm 21.5 x 50 x 2.8mm
Power Requirements  3.3V to 5V  3.3V to  5V 3.3V to 5.0V 2.7V to 3.6V 2.0V to 3.6V 2.7V to 3.6V
Built - in Controller Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Memory Type NAND NAND NAND NAND NAND NAND
PIN Count 50 50 22 9 7 10
Plug-and-Play Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Supporting Operating System  Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2,  & Mac OS Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2, & Mac OS Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2, & Mac OS Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2, & Mac OS Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2, & Mac OS Windows 98,  Windows ME, Windows 2K, Windows XP, Windows CE, Linux, OS/2, & Mac OS
Common Used

*PDAs 
*Computers
*MP3 Players
*Digital Cameras
*Digital Video Cameras
*GPS  *E-Books *Laptops

*PDAs 
*Handheld   PCs  *Computers
* MP3 Players
* Digital Cameras
* Digital Video Cameras
*GPS   *E-Books *Laptops

*Digital Cameras
*PDA 
*MP3 Players
*Word Processors
*GPS
*Cellular Phones
*Photo Printers
*Laptops

*Digital Cameras/ Camcorder *Digital Player *Digital Voice *PDA *E-Books *GPS *Cellular  *Digital TV *Digital Projectors *Digital Photo Printers

*PDAs   *Digital Cameras    *Cell Phones *MP3 Players *Digital Camcorders *Pagers  *Audio Players   *GPS     *Digital Voice Recorders *E-books

*PDAs 
*Computers
*MP3 Players
*Digital Cameras
*Digital Video Cameras
*GPS   *Laptops


See You Next Month!